How does gravity produce motion? What is in the nature of gravity that makes an object move? As I have explained earlier, the motion of an object towards a gravitational distortion is caused by the time difference across the object, thus the object simply migrates in that direction because of the conservation of energy. I have equated this to the difference in air pressure in a room causing a balloon to rise to the ceiling and stay there. But how does gravity or the difference in time in the universal UGD get the energy to create the motion that brings objects together? It is simple to reason how the difference in air pressure from the bottom of a room to the top of the room causes the balloon to rise. However it is quite different to reason how a difference of time between two points of space causes an object to move because time is not a pressure. From the earlier particle discussion, any difference in time between any two points of space represents a difference of energy, not necessarily a difference in gravity. Any object’s motion that is different than ours represents useable energy and can be used to do work. When two objects are totally in the same reference frame and have no motion relative to each other no useful work can be done.

    Particles should be thought of in their entirety. We have always considered the solid part of a particle the particle’s size but we should not look at it that way. The particle’s size should be governed and measured by the total particle’s influence which means it should include all the fields associated with the solid part we are familiar with. A graviton influences the universe therefore that particle’s size should be as big as the universe.

    I believe this motion, caused by gravity, is produced by the conservation of energy which is the basic law of the universe. To explain how this works I am going to create a fictional universe. In this universe I am going to make space flat, meaning that it has no distortions and any objects moving in this universe will have a constant velocity measured by time over distance. This velocity of motion strictly adheres to the conservation of energy. Any change in motion or time will effectively try and change the object’s energy.

    Time. I have been somewhat intermixing two meanings of time. One is the time we use to tell time or the clock on the wall. This is an interval we have determined in our reference frame and it is based on the back and forth movement of objects in the earth’s gravitational reference frame. The second one is the change of the back and forth motion when mass is put into motion or in a gravitational field. In the structure of mass, when time changes the motion of that mass changes both internally and externally. This means that time is acting as a force. In this respect time becomes something more than just an interval between events that we use in our daily life. In our reference frame time and motion are not constant but the speed of light is used as a constant in order to provide a basis for our reference frame.

    In this example I have an object moving in the universe at a constant rate of speed and the universe says it must obey its law of energy.

    Now I introduce a mass into this universe which distorts the flatness of space. I now make my object that is moving through the universe pass very close to this mass. When my moving object enters this space distortion my moving object says to the universe, "For some reason my time is slowing down."

    But the universe says, "You cannot change your time because it will change your energy. You must maintain the velocity you have and cover the same distance you have been covering to maintain a fixed energy."

    But the object says to the universe, "I have no choice. I cannot do that because my time is slowing and therefore I am covering a longer distance over the same period of time because my clock is running slower. Therefore if changing time is against the law and my time is changing, then I must change something else to maintain a constant energy."

    The universe says you only have one option since energy is fixed and you cannot help changing your time; you must compensate by changing your motion which will give you back the energy you’re losing.

    So my object says, "Thank you, universe, for telling me how to obey the law and keep my energy constant, I therefore will increase my motion."

    So my object increases its velocity to compensate for the slower time to maintain a constant energy. Thus my object speeds up its velocity which appears to us as an acceleration towards the mass that is distorting the space which my object is passing.

    Here you could say that the universe works on a different time frame than the time frame we have developed in our world. To the universe a massive object increases the local density of space. The universe sees this higher density area as just a larger expansion of the universe in which an object has to travel through and for the object to do this and maintain a constant energy it has to change its motion. This change of motion gives the object either more or less energy by compensating for the energy it gains or loses when time slows or speeds up. Hence the motion we see caused by gravity is simply the conservation of momentum based on energy being a constant. When you attempt to change energy, time and motion change accordingly. Which one makes the change depends on the circumstances and conditions in which the object is subjected.

    What happens when my object hits a solid surface and can no longer increase its motion? At the surface of the solid object my object cannot increase its motion so the time across it is held constant therefore there is a difference of energy which is not allowed and since it can no longer accelerate nor change its time to compensate, that energy is put into attempted motion. This attempted motion is what we experience as the force which holds us to the ground.

    In a gravitational field energy is neither gained nor lost. It is in our reference frame that gravity produces the gain or loss of energy, not the universe’s reference frame. When objects change in position with reference to us they are signifying that the universe’s reference frame is different than ours in that the universe always sees space as uniform. It is our reference that brings about the different motions and times we experience. In a broader sense this means that the entire universe is actually responding to all the individual motions within it. It is in reality the equal and opposite reaction force that produces all motion. This may seem a bit much to swallow but when you think about it, it is hard to believe that if you lift one atom off the surface of the earth the entire earth actually responds to that motion.

    But what did my object push against to increase its velocity? Believe it or not it pushed against the universe.

    Particles have the uncanny nature of presenting themselves as either particles or waves, and for some reason particles can turn into waves and back again. Is this possible? Is a particle a wave in disguise? Is a wave a particle in disguise?

    Physicists work mostly with particles and they believe that all forces are caused by force bearing particles. Could they be right? As I have mentioned earlier, I have a great deal of trouble understanding how a force like gravity could be carried by a particle so I am going to give you a look at a strange phenomenon which comes out of my interpretation of the conservation of energy.

    There are basically two modes of operation when we deal with energy. One is radiation which moves at the speed of light and the second is the movement of mass which is very slow. You could say that mass and radiation are at the extreme opposite ends of each other. You either move slowly or you move at the speed of light.

    When energy is released as radiation it is moving at the speed of light and you might ask why. In my explanation of radiation I said that it is produced by particles wanting to return to their higher symmetries and to do this the four forces realign themselves to become more equal. But because particles are restricted by the UGD the particles cannot reach or obtain their original symmetry.

    So what happens to a particle if the balance between all its forces cannot follow each other properly? Since a particle cannot adjust its energy it must adjust either time or motion. When we consider a wave traveling at the speed of light, we consider its time to be zero, so if its time is zero, its velocity is maximum to maintain a constant energy. If this is the case, then the local time distortion of a particle is tremendously expanded because the particle is trying to reach its original symmetry. This action produces, in our reference frame, a wave function which in fact is a particle distorted and moving at the speed of light. We see this as radiation.

    This means that radiation is made up of particles. The electromagnetic wave is a local time condition and if its internal forces were readjusted to a proper balance and it has enough energy the electromagnetic wave would be seen by us as a particle. Particle forms depend on your observation which depends on your reference frame.

    Hence a particle can turn into a wave which moves at the speed of light and then when the proper conditions exist the wave can return to a particle.

    This effect does not have to occur from near zero motion to the speed of light but can be seen when we accelerate particles in our laboratories. Because we are accelerating them we are in effect causing the particles’ forces to readjust and this adjustment is made between time and motion which revolve around the local UGD of the particles. The faster we accelerate a particle the greater the time shell expansion, the more a particle appears as a wave.

    In the process of generating photons we are taking a particle of energy from an atom and turning it into a wave, then recapturing that energy. This makes a photon some sort of a sub-particle which would be a particle in its wave form because it would not have enough energy to be seen by us as a solid particle in our reference frame. So radiation really is particles or vibrations that never quite made it to particle status but act as an energy transfer medium. When an atom creates a photon or a burst of radiation, that radiation, when striking another atom, is sufficient to reproduced the original photon of energy within the other atom. In this case photons are sub-particles inside the atom. They are identical but observed in two different states.

    The photon would not be the only sub-particle to produce these characteristics. In all fairness, all radiation at any frequency or energy is in fact made up of sub-particles and appears to us as radiation because radiation is at one end of an extreme condition of time and motion.

    So in effect when the universe cooled from the big bang temperature not all particles formed solid mass while many remained as radiation. But if you go back to the big bang temperature all particles are radiation in disguise because all particles were formed from vibrations of energy in the first place, in our reference frame that is. One would also have to say that at the big bang temperature all particles were vibrating waves moving at the speed of light.

    As the UGD increased many of these particles came together making what we call solid matter, but many of these particles did not have sufficient energy to do this so they existed as radiation. But then there is the mix of particles that fall between the two extremes and can intermix with large radiation particles and small solid particles.

    If you move from radio frequency emissions to radar frequency emissions and on to light frequencies into gamma rays you will find that the energy being concentrated in this radiation is almost at the point of becoming a particle as you go beyond gamma rays. What this says is that it takes a vast amount of energy contained in the higher frequency vibration to eventually form a solid particle. What becomes interesting here is that when the solid particle forms it is not made up of a single particle vibration but literally many vibrations all working together to form the overall particle that we observe.

    This means that there are low-frequency particles mixed in with high-frequency particles and it is the combination of these mixtures which form the different characteristics of our present universe. It is why when we bombard mass in our accelerators we produce a wide variety of extraneous particles.

    The universe is a dynamic entity and our place in the universe puts everything in our view as relative. Einstein’s theory of relativity is far more reaching than we could ever have imagined.

    Now what does all of this have to do with gravity and the force conveying particle called the graviton? I have never been able to understand how this particle can transfer information of the existence of mass in one place of the universe to another and how it could possibly manipulate and maintain this energy interchange in order to keep everything in its proper order.

    Well, looking at particles as waves with expanded fields gave me some second thoughts. These are that I have been looking at the force particles as a small individual little entity going back and forth between particles and curving space causing gravity. This is like two people throwing a ball back and forth and the ball transferring the force information between them but they never say how the ball changes space between the two people. If a graviton is a particle and that particle interacts with every particle in the universe then the graviton is not a little particle conveying the force information. The graviton in this case is not a little particle at all but a huge particle which encompasses the entire universe and the Higgs particle is the focal point of the graviton, therefore the graviton becomes the distortion.

    This makes the graviton particle consistent with my way of thinking. If the graviton is in fact a particle as big as the universe then I fully can imagine how its influence could effect the entire universe for it does not have to travel back and forth between all other particles.

    This would also be true for the force bearing particles of the other forces but in their case they have a limited influence because of the characteristics of their vibration. It is believed the lowest vibration of the string is in fact what causes the gravitational influence or distortion of space-time. The mass of a particle is associated with the Higgs particle. So if you think of particles as waves, and in some cases the particles are not little tiny things but are huge vibrations held together at some focal point, I can see why scientists can refer to forces as particles. It is just not quite the particle I originally envisioned. If you get your mind away from categorizing particles as little single entities and into the fact that they are made up of literally hundreds of different vibration entities, and some of those entities are huge in nature, you can draw a much better understanding of how some of these forces work throughout the universe.

    All this implies that each and every particle has something holding that particle’s vibration together. I mentioned that the four forces do that job, and they might, but there also appears to be some internal focal point which each particle revolves around and keeps the particle in a coherent form. And this little nugget or focal point is in all particles no matter how small or large and if this focal point is put into motion the entire particle is put into motion.

    This also means that the universe is filled with huge numbers of particles in radiation form thus creating a radiation density level throughout the universe. It is this density level that creates the phenomenon we call the vacuum pressure. But space contains more than the radiation influence; it also contains pure energy which can be related to the universal gravity density which also has an influence over what matter does and how it is formed and it is apparent it is the guiding light creating the conservation of energy laws.

    Does gravity influence the entire universe?

    When the universal gravity density was increasing, the distance influence of the three major forces decreased. So it is conceivable that the particle creating the gravity distortion also decreased to a certain extent. This would mean that the gravity influence over mass does not cover the entire universe but does in fact have some limitations. It is only assumed by physicists that gravity is completely universal in nature when in fact there is no proof of that. If this was true it would bring a whole host of new thoughts and a multitude of scenarios about our universe’s makeup.

    This implies that the vibration that creates mass within a particle is subdued when certain energies within the particles are converted to radiation particles which travel at the speed of light. When this radiation is captured by other particles that particular mass vibration re-emerges and mass re-appears. We do know that light produces a force on objects and that light can be used to accelerate things. This all goes back to the equal and opposite reaction force which is usually thought of as mass pushing against mass, but in fact it is energy changing states or from a slower time to a faster time that is causing the effect. When energy is released, time always speeds up and objects always move from a faster time to a slower time area. This would be the true force that moves objects.

    In this case when mass is converted to radiation energy at the surface of the sun, the mass of the sun is diminished at that instant, not in the eight or nine minutes later when that radiation passes the earth. It has been calculated by many that if the gravitational wave is traveling from the sun to the earth at the speed of light the travel time would introduce a delaying property which would cause the earth, over time, to lose its gravitational connection to the sun and fly off into space. In this circumstance one could only assume the gravitational wave travels faster than the speed of light.

    It is quite apparent that all particles with mass have basic structures which must include the string vibration that brings about a spatial distortion. This becomes obvious when you separate out particles from particles in that the new particles carry with them a certain amount of mass. This means that the vibration that creates mass is retained no matter how many times you split the particle up. Therefore that portion of the particle’s structure is inherent with all particles and it is a basic characteristic of mass. Particles could not exist without that particular set of vibrations. It does not preclude that the vibration is incapable of changing form.

    If you have radiation in a pure sine wave form, and you observed this radiation with a spectrum analyzer which displays frequency over time, you will see that the sine wave has a single frequency. But if you were to go from a perfect sine wave to a non-perfect wave at that frequency, let’s say a square wave pulse, and observed this pulse on your spectrum analyzer, you would find that the pulse contained hundreds, if not thousands, of other frequencies spread out between the fundamental frequency of the pulse. The number of frequencies displayed depends on the rise and fall time of the pulse.

    If we use this analogy and equate it to the big bang temperature particle and to a solid particle, of our reference frame, we could say that the big bang temperature particle was a perfect sine wave and that the solid particle or mass is much like a square wave pulse. This would mean that a particle in our reference frame contains a host or multitude of different vibrations in its makeup. The fundamental vibrations constituted the particle’s mass and each of the vibrations if separated out would constitute a separate particle in our reference frame but still maintain the fundamental frequency or its mass. As more and more particles are separated out from the main particle the main particle becomes purer and will move more toward a purer sine wave function changing its overall characteristics and stability.

    Reference frames become an extremely important part of our observation of the universe and must be included in our thoughts to fully understand what our universe is doing to our observations. If we could travel with a light wave and still maintain our own time frame, the light wave would look like a magnetic field and not be traveling at the speed of light and you could not determine its true energy content because we determine energy by relative motion.

    The time frame at the big bang.

    If there was a big bang as claimed and everything at that time was moving at the speed of light then time in our reference frame would be near zero. Therefore, that event would essentially last for billions of years in the universe’s reference frame but only a split second in our present reference frame. If you tie time to something, you best do it with the proper reference frame.

    I have read many articles on how the universe was created that disagree with the big bang theory. The traditional thinking on how the universe was formed is based on the theory of relativity and information gained from the phenomenon called the red shift. The observation of stars and galaxies have shown that the universe is expanding in all directions and in some cases expanding faster than it should be based on the amount of mass in our visible universe. The red shift from the light given off by far away stars tells us this. It says that the stars and galaxies are moving away from us in all directions and since the big bang was an explosion at the center of the universe it is a logical conclusion that an explosion caused this effect. Many believe this explosion did indeed happen but many believe it did not.

    Could all of this have happened in some other way since there are many questions left unanswered? Does the breaking up of the 10 dimensions cause heat and form strings and create matter? No one knows. What are the 10 dimensions? No one knows. How did all of the mass in our universe come into existence from a single infinitely small point in space? No one knows. In some ways all of this does not seem logical and there are many articles written by physicists that say this scenario of the big bang is incorrect and that the universe is expanding but not in the way prescribed by the big bang theory. Most of these theories have trouble explaining the curvature of space between stars and galaxies caused by the presence of mass. Other theories believe there is nothing in the space between our stars and galaxies and give no explanation of what curved space time is other than space time curving is what causes gravity.

    So what could explain what we see in our universe and yet have some logic to the explanation and not use the big bang scenario that is now prevalent in physics?

    Here I'm going to give you such a scenario. This idea is a continuation of thoughts from the beginning part of my article and seems to have some logical sense. To me that is. Explaining the universe in this way was not my intention to begin with but it just happened to fall in place using the train of logic I have adopted. I hope you'll find it interesting and thought provoking but if you take it to heart and believe every word, I have a bridge I would like to sell you.

    Going back to the magic crystal I used as an experiment in my laboratory in Part 2 and the discussion of heat in Part 3 we can build a universe the same way the big bang produced the universe but completely from a different beginning. First of all, at the beginning of the big bang everything was at an extremely high temperature and then cooled off to form mass as we know it. But why did it have to happen in a split second and where did this extreme quantity of superstring particles come from? It is not so obvious but could it be that a high temperature superstring soup existed in its entirety before this universe we see today came along? You could say that the universe at the big bang temperature was really in its natural state and it is our current universe that is not in its natural state.

    If I take my magic crystal, the one I can vary the density of and the one that has the solar system tucked inside, and with my control lessen the density of the UGD to almost zero, I would find that the solar system inside would expand to a point where it would no longer be visible because it would come apart and dissolve into its basic particles or strings. Because of my reference frame it would have a temperature close to that of the beginning of the big bang. As I have explained earlier, when we lessen the density of the uniform gravity density we are effectively increasing the temperature and speeding up time.

    This effectively says that the universe’s natural condition was a soup of vibrating string particles that filled the entire universe. Because strings are vibrating these strings carry energy and each occupies a huge portion of the universe. So each and every string in our universe, if we consider the string a basic particle, existed before the creation of our present universe. The universe must have looked like some dense fog, or possibly one huge particle, if one could have observed it.

    I am going to call this universe the standard universe and a standard universe is what our present universe was created from. It is huge and stuffed with vibrating particles that are all vibrating at the speed of light. Let’s assume here that each particle is a basic string and there are a certain number or types of these basic strings and that the strings are held together by the four basic forces which are held together for some reason around some focal point. The four forces are essentially of equal strength. This implies that their influence is equal throughout the universe.

    This is the condition in which our universe started. It did not start from an infinitely small point in space and expand outward. It simply existed making the time component of the big bang theory misleading. In the big bang, cooling is related to an expansion into space when in fact, in my case, it is related to an increasing density of the uniform gravity density or a contraction of space and slowing of time. When time runs fast to us it makes things appear to happen in a hurry which is misleading. At the temperature of the big bang, to us things would appear to be happening quite fast when in fact they are not. This is a reference frame problem.

    Now when the uniform gravity density shifts to a denser condition it causes time and motion to slow, thus increasing the energy density of particles because of the way the four forces act.

    Of the four forces, the strong force apparently is more sensitive to the density change and rapidly contracts as the UGD gets slightly denser. The contraction forms a localized UGD time shell which is the basis of the particles we see today. Hence the strong force started huge and rapidly collapsed to a condensed form.

    At this time the strong force plays the most dominant role in the creation of our existing particles. This barrier or energy time shell is the particle’s energy link back to its original symmetry if it was again heated up to the big bang temperature by lessening UGD. But as the density of the UGD increases the strong force’s distance influence over other particles rapidly decreases. At the same time the shell of the electro-weak force starts to gain prominence. Here the distance influence of the weak force still greatly exceeds that of the strong force but as the density increases it also is shrinking.

    If we stop this process just after the beginning of the increasing density or the lessening of temperature we see that the strong force has shrunk drastically. The weak forces have shrunk in proportion to the strong force and gravity or the final time shell has barely shrunk at all and still maintains its hold on the entire universe. Now at this time all these forces are still exerting their influence on a vast amount of space and since this action did not happen instantaneously as the big bang predicts but over a long period of time, the individual particles had time to intermix and form larger particles. This is probably where the strings formed quarks and other basic particles. The strong force at this time was much like the weak force and had polarities and characteristics which attracted or repelled other particles but eventually stable groups of particles produced our basic building block particles we see today. The protons, neutrons and electrons which are the workhorses of our existence were the outcome of a slow and tedious process.

    With more increase in density the strong force’s distance influence quickly diminished to an extremely small area. With time continuously slowing and temperature dropping the time shells intensified making it impossible or almost impossible for other particles to penetrate their existence. As discussed earlier, time shells are energy shells and energy must be changed to penetrate them.

     At this point the universe has now shrunk into a mix of the basic particles we see today. Further increase in the UGD and the now more prevalent strong and weak electrical forces brought the protons, neutrons and electrons together forming our basic atoms. Because it takes energy to breach time shells, either in or out of them, these particles were locked together. Somewhere in this chain of events the weak forces ran out of steam and influence over large distances hence the atom became independent and stable. The tighter the time shells the more stable the atom.

    The next force that dominated the scene was that of gravity and its influence started to gain dominance as the particles came together forming larger quantities of mass. For particles to form into the stuff we see today there must be a combination of different vibrations. These combinations must contain all the necessary characteristics of vibrations to remain stable.

    At this time the individual particles and atoms did not have sufficient energy to produce larger structures. So the universe was filled with a host of light particles and basic atoms and of course a host of others particles, although they were not in the dominance. Here the strong and weak forces no longer controlled the vast amount of space they used to and were confined to their local environment. From here on atoms were brought together by gravity forming large masses thus forcing the light atoms even closer together forming the heavier atoms that we see in our periodic table. These intense gravitational fields gave the individual particles and atoms sufficient energy to breach time shells.

    Before the neutron star category of stellar bodies were created in the universe the universe had bound together many atoms forming large molecules. Now the strong gravity seen in these massive stellar bodies started the process of destroying these bonds. This tearing up of atoms by this action released energy back into the universe.

    All this of course did not happen in some big crunch but happened throughout the universe in multiple areas. Each of these areas had its own localized big crunch which created the lumpiness we see in space today. Here the big crunch was not a universal big crunch but many localized ones. The radiation released by this action is mostly in the form of heat which causes the lessening of the UGD which in turn stops the big crunch because the big crunch is caused by an increase in the UGD.

    If we use our own galaxy as a single entity among billions in the universe as a demonstration you might get a better picture of what I am trying to say. If our galaxy were to cool down and shrink its gravitational field would intensify. But because there is a huge amount of energy stored in the makeup of all the particles in the galaxy this energy would be released under the gravitational crunch thus decreasing the UGD. When radiation is released it speeds up time. This process by itself stops the collapse.

    Thus our galaxy would stop its contraction and re-expand. Because there is a delay time in this process you would get an overshoot. The galaxy would go beyond the shrink point and then start to reemerge but because of the excess of heat produced in the overshoot the galaxy would appear to be increasing its rate of expansion as if there was some other force outside the galaxy drawing it to that source. Eventually the production of heat caused by the crunch will subside and the galaxy will again start to collapse as gravity once more takes command. You could call this overall effect ringing, much like a bell will ring after being struck by a hammer. The intensity of the ring will slowly decrease over time. It is quite possible that each galaxy or star cluster throughout the universe goes through this process.

    This process of expanding and contracting could very easily account for the thorough mixing throughout our galaxy of the heavier atoms and molecules which we find in places like the earth that could not have produced these particular elements.

    If we equate this contraction and expansion to the entire universe and are able to observe it over an extremely long period of time our observations would show the universe and all of its parts coming closer together when the universe was cooling and moving away from each other when the universe was heating. Each individual galaxy or clusters could be considered local events and are affected by the overall UGD. When we observed a lessening of a universal UGD we would see a blue shift in the light we saw coming from the distant stars. When the universe re-expanded we would see a red shift in the stars’ light. In between the two extremes you would get an extended period of acceleration in either direction due to the over shot of the oscillation.

    For a period of time in the expansion mode or contraction mode one would observe a condition which would not match the gravity calculations we use to determine if the universe is expanding or contracting. For instance, in an expansion cycle the outward acceleration would exceed gravity’s ability to stop the expansion. Here we would assume that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate as if a counter reacting force against gravity is pushing the stars outward. In fact this is exactly the case but the counter reacting force of gravity or anti-gravity is caused by the heating or lessening of the universal UGD. But this action will cease as soon as the production of heat was spent and again the universe will be under the control of gravity once more and again start condensing and shrinking through another cycle.

    If this is the case we could say that we find ourselves existing in the portion of the universal cycle that is expanding after its most recent contraction and has not yet overcome the excess heat of that contraction.

    This process does not require the creation of a hidden force of anti-gravity or the creation of dark matter or dark energy or some unknown and obscure particles to create the effects we see in our universe. If neutrinos have mass and are evenly spaced throughout the universe they will have no visible effect on the motion of interstellar bodies. I find it nearly impossible for something in space to exist that effects gravity but effects nothing else. If something effects gravity it will have an effect on everything that gravity effects.

SPIRAL GALAXIES

    If you took any spiral galaxy, or at least the ones you could see the spiral arms of, and measured the temperature of that galaxy starting from the center outward, you could determine the galaxy’s temperature profile. This profile would show that the center part of the galaxy is extremely hot and the temperature decreases from the center outward to the spiral arms. This means that the inner portion of the galaxy has a less dense UGD thus causing faster time and slower motion of the stars in that area. This effectively gives us the picture that all the stars are moving somewhat at the same speed and not obeying the laws of gravity. Most of this would be an observational distortion caused by time, much like the distortions you would see in my magic crystal.

    In the larger universe heat could play a very dominant role in our observations because it does change time and motion.

    How long did our universe take to mature? Creation of our universe from the standard universe did not have to happen in a split second but in fact could have taken billions if not hundreds of billions of years. For the universe to create the original atoms and particles by bringing together stray and wayward particles took a vast amount of time. Particles were actually bound together slowly as the UGD slowly increased giving ample time for our basic particles to form before the three forces lost their influence over large amounts of space. We can get some time referencing by just observing the present expansion time of the universe. Again, time depends on your reference frame.

    There are three major forces that make up our particles and it can be shown that they are manifestations of the same force but gravity has not yet been linked to these three forces. The three major forces are also local forces. They each have a plus and minus characteristic which produces a balanced energy field much like a magnet has two poles. But gravity is distinctively different in that it does not have an opposite side, at least one we have not yet detected. Or is it there and we have not realized what it is?

    If gravity is caused by the vibration of a string, it therefore should have an opposite side. All radiation waves or light waves have a plus and minus characteristic and so do the three forces. Therefore where is the other half of gravity? Logic says there should be one. The other question one would ask is, what causes the uniform gravity density to increase or decrease?

    These are questions I have asked myself for a longtime and the answers I have come up with should only be taken lightly and with a great deal of imagination. Einstein asked himself, what would a light wave look like if one could travel with it and observe its action? He discovered later that this would be impossible because one cannot observe the light waves in this fashion due to the slowing of time of the observer. The observer will always see a light wave traveling at the speed of light no matter how fast the observer himself is traveling.

    For the moment let’s say that our reference frame does not change when we increase our velocity so that when we try and observe a light wave our time does not change. So when we observe the light wave as we travel with it what will we see? For all practical purposes the only thing you’re going to see is a steady-state magnetic field not much different from the field of a permanent magnet or what we see in a standing wave. We would have no conception that this magnetic field is traveling at the speed of light.

    So what does this have to do with gravity? I have mentioned earlier that it is possible that a gravitational wave does not travel with an energy wave or radiation, and that when mass is converted to energy that energy no longer effects the universe’s gravity distortion. Because gravity ties the universe together it does not seem logical that gravity could do this if its effect was only transmitted at the speed of light. In this respect I believe that gravity does not propagate or distort space in the same way that the local distortions of time does. For this thought I’m going to assume that a gravitational wave distortion propagates at the square of the speed of light or greater. This makes the universe as far as a gravitational wave is concerned a lot smaller and the action of the gravitational vibration more encompassing.

    To envision this let’s say our entire universe is nothing more than an energy fluctuation much like a wave of light. And let’s place our entire universe inside the positive half of this fluctuation and let’s place an alternate universe in the negative half of this fluctuation. Now let’s say that the fluctuation is held together by the special distortion we call gravity. So anytime a disturbance or a correction of the spatial distortion occurs on one side it is balanced out by an action on the other side.

    This would keep the conservation of energy in its proper order for we know that the three forces maintain a balance in our energy system and are always fully compensated. In our case, with time and motion, it is logical to believe that the gravitational time distortion obeys the laws of conservation of energy just as the other forces do. We should not try and dream up obscure forces or dimensions to account for our lack of understanding.

    In this particular scenario it places our universe in one-half of one oscillation or vibration. This means that the amplitude of the vibration has some bearing on the makeup of the universal gravity density and would mean that the density of the UGD would vary depending on where we stood within that energy crest. If our universe is riding within an energy wave through some unknown space, then I could imagine why we only see one-half of the gravitational distortion. To us this is a one-sided force but to the universe it is merely one-half of one oscillation wave in which the conservation of energy still dominates. This means the speed of light is merely a local phenomenon.

    This is the only way, so far, that I can see why gravity acts differently compared to the other three forces. If the lowest string vibration accounts for gravity and the propagation rate of gravity is at the square of the speed of light or greater, then that low-frequency oscillation of the string would have a huge wavelength. Not only that, it is quite possible that the wavelength of an oscillation in the universal gravity density might vary in proportion to the density itself very much like the velocity of an object entering or leaving a gravitational distortion. This also means that all bodies or particles containing mass are indeed vibrating but these vibrations are not observed in our reference frame. If this effect would have anything to do with why the planets in our solar system are spaced at proportional distances from the sun I do not know. But there is a great deal we do not know and it is only our imagination and hard scientific work that may bring us that knowledge.

    It is hard to imagine how a small gravitational particle can effect the entire universe but the particle we think of as gravity is not little at all in the eyes of the universe. The universe does not see these distortions that have been created by the increase of the UGD because the universe always sees itself as flat. By the universe’s reference frame energy is always a constant. It is in our reference frame that there is a focal point of those distortions.

    Another thought here is that when particles were created by the shrinkage of the three basic forces the fourth force, or the gravity particle, also shrank in this process. This implies that gravity does not have full control over the entire universe but does have limits. There is no proof that gravity does effect the entire universe as a whole.

    My main reason for starting this project in the first place was because of those simple facts. It was quite plain to me that we needed to look at gravity from some other prospective in order to gain insight into what we must know in order to make a much better attempt at controlling gravity. If all the scientists in the world have not accomplished this task it becomes plain we’re doing something wrong. The whole purpose of this article was to give myself some fresh thoughts on how to build some form of anti-gravity device. But as you can see I have strayed quite a bit from my initial endeavor. If it wasn’t for the fact that a lot of different things started to make sense to me and have some basic logic to it I would not have continued beyond the search for gravity.

    About half-way through my writings I discovered that gravity was the key to unlocking many other mysteries in the universe and presenting some basic logic to why so many things happen in cosmology and in the small world of quantum mechanics. If one thinks that connecting gravity to the three forces will create the theory of everything you will be quite wrong. It simply opens the door to a whole host of more questions and is essentially the tip of the iceberg when it comes down to understanding the nature of our being. Gravity will be essentially another minor tool used to do things like we use magnetism to do things.

    The real quest will be how to manipulate the uniform gravity density of the universe to exceed the speed of light and to actually travel to the stars. Understanding tunneling, worm holes and folded space will be far more exciting than understanding the common everyday force we call gravity.

    If you are inclined to build an anti-gravity device this may give you some ideas. You’ll find that there is no mechanical or electrical property that we know of today that can directly effect the gravitational curvature. All mechanical devices work on the equal and opposite reaction forces. All electrical devices or magnetic fields are self-cancelling as far as gravity is concerned. Whatever the device we develop to manipulate gravity is, it more than likely will have to employ some form of motion or a change of time. I have given you some ways on how to change time but as of this moment I have thought of no way, myself, to create the anti-gravity force necessary to lift us off the ground. We defy gravity in many ways today, just not in the way we want to.

    If you are clever, and I mean very clever, and you could stabilize time or motion and then vary the other forces, you might in fact create the desired effect you’re looking for. Maybe this article will give you some ideas that I have not thought of. It is quite possible that nature is already doing this in some way and we have not yet recognized that fact, much like not recognizing heat as a change of time. It seems the universe never ends. The more you look at the cosmos the more you see. No matter how big the scale of the universe is there never seems to be an end in sight. The same is true with the micro-world for every time we discover a new particle it only leads us to something else even smaller. So it appears that both ends of our spectrum, from the small to the big, run to infinity. Whoever designed this thing, the universe, just plain wants to keep its secrets secret.

    I am sure that somewhere in nature lies the answer we’re looking for when it comes to controlling gravity. So let’s open our minds and find it.